How microphones work
1. When you speak, sound waves created by your voice carry energy toward the microphone. Remember that sound we can hear is energy carried by vibrations in the air.
2. Inside the microphone, the diaphragm (much smaller than you’d find in a loudspeaker and usually made of very thin plastic) moves back and forth when the sound waves hit it.
3. The coil, attached to the diaphragm, moves back and forth as well.
4. The permanent magnet produces a magnetic field that cuts through the coil. As the coil moves back and forth through the magnetic field, an electric current flows through it.
5. The electric current flows out from the smart microphones to an amplifier or sound recording device. Hey presto, you’ve converted your original sound into electricity! By using this current to drive sound recording equipment, you can effectively store the sound forever more. Or you could amplify (boost the size of) the current and then feed it into a loudspeaker, turning the electricity back into much louder sound. That’s how PA (personal address) systems, electric guitar amplifiers, and rock concert amplifiers wor
Microphones are loudspeakers in reverse
Conference Speaker Microphones look very different from loudspeakers so most people never realize how similar they are. If you’ve read our article on loudspeakers, you’ll already know how microphones work — because they’re literally loudspeakers working in reverse!
In a loudspeaker, electricity flows into a coil of metal wire wrapped around or in front of a permanent magnet. The changing pattern of electricity in the coil creates a magnetic field all around it that pushes against the field the permanent magnet creates. This makes the coil move. The coil is attached to a big flat disc called a diaphragm or cone so, as the coil moves, the diaphragm moves too. The moving diaphragm pushes air back and forth into the room and creates sound waves we can hear.
In a microphone, there are almost identical parts but they work in exactly the reverse way
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